我国优秀运动员投入与产出效益动态评价

Dynamic Evaluation on Elite Athletes in the Input and Output Efficiency

从动态视角出发,通过查阅竞技体育人才投入与产出效益相关文献,建立以"人"和"资金"为核心的优秀运动员投入与产出效益发展评价指标,运用熵值法对1993年到2009年期间我国优秀运动员投入与产出效益水平进行评定和分析。研究结果表明:(1)1993-2008年期间我国优秀运动员投入与产出效益指数呈波动状态,并且在1999年以后波动幅度加大,在2003年波动幅度最大。(2)如果以1993年为基准年,从1994-1999年期间,投入与产出指数呈波动式上升趋势,但上升幅度较小;从2000开始,指数呈波动式下降趋势。出现这一发展态势主要是由于我国举国体制的"短板效用"所致。(3)我国运动健将的投入与产出效益与优秀运动员投入与产出效益截然相反,1993-1999年期间我国运动健将投入与产出指数呈明显下降趋势,2000-2008年期间指数呈明显上升态势。运动健将的投入与产出呈现这样的发展态势,主要因为我国运动健将数量的涨幅要远远大于优秀运动员的涨幅。因此,从培养顶尖运动员方面看,投入与产出是相对匹配的。

From the dynamic perspective,the paper constructed the ＂people＂ and ＂funds＂ as the core of efficiency in the input and output of athletes and elevated and analysed the level of efficiency in the input and output of talent athletes by the access to some literature related to efficiency in the input and output of athletes and through the entropy during the period 1993 to 2009.The results show that：（1）efficiency index in the input and output of excellent sports teams during 1993-2008 was volatile,volatility after 1999 increased,and the maximum fluctuation in 2003.（2） when based on the year of 1993 as a basic year,input and output index tends to volatility-rising trend in the period from 1994-1999,but the beginning of 2000,the index tends to volatility-downward trend.This development trend occurred mainly because ＂short-board effect＂ of nationwide system.（3）the input and output of excellent althletes opposite of elite athletes.Input and output efficiency index of elite athletes dropped significantly from 1993 to1999 and rose from 2000 to2008.The trend is due to the number increase of athletes is much larger than the increase of elite athletes.Therefore,in the view of training high-level athletes,the input and output is relatively matched.