论中国生物能源发展的根本出路

Fundamental Solution for Biofuel Production in China

资源短缺、能源危机和生态环境恶化已成为全球所面临的严重经济和社会问题,寻求可部分替代化石能源且污染较少的生物能源,已成为世界许多国家未来经济发展的主要动力之一。迄今为止,以粮食为原料的第一代生物能源已在许多国家产业化生产。然而基于粮食安全,开发木质纤维素是当前国内外最需发展的第二代生物能源,而在我国利用作物秸秆等废弃物制取生物燃料更有其必要性。虽然过去几十年国内外已经大力开展了相关新技术的研发,但至今未能成功进行大规模产业化生产。通过分析目前中国生物能源发展的困境与缘由,提出了从源头或从根本上解决问题的方法与途径,即大力发展能源作物、能源农业和能源经济,并探讨了我国生物能源与"三农"齐头发展的重要性以及相关政策与策略。

Concerns with natural resource,energy crisis and globe warming have been seriously issued over the world.As an ideal way,biofuel exploitation is world-wide considered for the partial energy supply and long-term environmental cares.Because of enormous demand for foods in China,the first generation of the grain-based biofuels are harshly restricted for large scale production,such as starch or sugar-converted bioethanol and edible-oil-derived biodiesel.However,conversion of lignocellulosic residues from food and non-food crops is regarded as the second generation of biofules that are definitely promising in the near future.Despite that efforts have been made over the past years,current biomass process is unacceptably expensive,due to its recalcitrance.In this review,the author in-depth analyzed any possibilities that could become crucial factors for biofuel production in China,and proposed main technique strategies and the related administrate polices that could be a fundamental solution,including energy crop breeding,energy agriculture support and energy economy management.