控制抗菌药物滥用:技术基础、利益结构与政府监管

Controlling Antimicrobial Drug Abuse: Based on Technology Infrastructure, Interest Structure and Government Regulation

当前,抗菌药物滥用已成为危害人类公共健康的重要问题。尽管滥用的控制与技术领域密切相关,但这个问题的根本解决需要从社会、经济的角度加以综合考量,特别是要从各个利益主体之间的相互制衡与政府监管的角度来考量,因而归根结底是社会经济问题。抗菌药滥用问题主要表现为药不治病、治病太贵、研发进展缓慢三个方面,问题的根源在于抗菌药物所涉及的技术基础与相关利益主体的利益关系总是交织在一起的,当利益结构不能与技术基础相匹配,而且监管约束无力时,就必然会出现这个问题。为此,研究分别对抗菌药滥用的界定、问题的本质与根源、国内外经验借鉴进行了分析,并结合上海特色,对控制抗菌药滥用的策略与方案进行了探讨。

Currently, antimicrobial drug abuse has become an important issue on human public health. Although the abuse controlling is closely related to the technological field, the fundamental solution on the problem requires to be considered in the view of society ~and economy, especially of the interest balance among the various groups and government regulation, as it is uhimately socio-economic problems. The abuse problem can be described as no effect from current drugs, too expensive medical treatment and slow R＆D progress on new drugs. As the technological infrastructure is always involved in the interest relationship of the various groups, when the interest structure can not match the technology infrastructure, and with weak regulatory constraints, it is bound to the problem. Based on the above, the definition of antimicrobial drug abuse, the nature and source of the problem and the experience at home and abroad had been analyzed. Combined with Shanghai regional characteristics, strategies and programs on controlling antimicrobial drug abuse were discussed.