工频电磁场长期曝露健康风险的预防性政策分析

Analysis of Precautionary Policy on Health Risk for Chronic Exposure to Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields

近年来国内仍有一些质疑现有国际电磁场限值导则或国内限值标准安全性的信息不时出现,并建议通过降低限值的手段来保证公众的健康,这就需要分析该类做法的合理性。为此,调查国际组织对电磁场健康风险预防性政策的制定原则,跟踪以法令形式颁布"预防性限值"的意大利、瑞士等典型国家情况,提出我国企业在该问题做法上的启示及建议。根据调查及跟踪可得到,按世界卫生组织的建议,在建造新设施和设计新设备时,应采取低成本的预防措施来优化线路并降低曝露水平,对拟采取的政策措施进行利益-代价分析。分析后认为,政府与企业应对已确定的危害及未证实的风险做出明确区分,并在政策措施上区别对待。企业需要加强全面、科学地对待电磁场环境健康问题的意识,增强对国际主流观点和研究成果的认知程度,提高电网环保政策风险预控能力。

Recently,the safety of existed international EMF guidelines or national standards on the limits of electric and magnetic fields（EMF） is doubted,and it is suggested to develop the precautionary to reduce the exposure limits as low as possible to guarantee the public health,so,it is necessary to analyze the rationality by this kind of approach.Thereby,we investigated the principles for developing precautionary policy on health risk of EMF by international organizations,tracked the situations in some typical countries,including Italy and the Switzerland,which enacted precautionary limits in the form of decree or ordinance,and put forward some suggestions or recommendations according to the status of corporation in China.The precautionary measures with no or low cost should be taken to optimize the conductor arrangement and to reduce the exposure level,so the benefit-cost should be analyzed for the plan policies or measures.It is concluded that the government and corporation should make a distinct difference in unconfirmed risk and do the discrimination separately on the policies and measures.Electric corporations need to take actions to intensify the consciousness of comprehensively and scientifically dealing with the issue on environmental health for EMF,to enhance the cognition degree of international mainstream viewpoints and research achievement,and to improve the ability of forecasting and monitoring the risk for environmental protection of power network.