厦门市城乡初中生归因方式分析

Differences between Xiamen urban and rural areas of attribution styles among middle school students

目的探索初中生归因方式的城乡差异,为初中生心理健康干预措施的制定提供依据。方法随机选取厦门市城市与农村各3所初中,每所学校每个年级随机抽取2个班级,共1 476人进行儿童归因风格问卷调查。结果城市初中女生归因方式中普遍的好(PvG)比农村女生高,总体的坏(TB)、普遍的坏(PvB)及个别的坏(PsB)城市女生比农村女生低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。城市初中男生归因方式中PvB、TB、希望分数(HoB)比农村男生低,PvG比农村男生高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。农村初一学生归因方式中PsB,TB和PvB均高于城市(P值均<0.05);农村初二学生归因方式中PvB、TB高于城市(P<0.05),而PvG、总体的好(TG)低于城市(P<0.01或P<0.05);农村初三学生归因方式中永久的好(PmG)高于城市学生(P<0.01)。结论农村初中生比城市初中生悲观、自卑,相反城市初中生比农村初中生乐观、自信;农村初一、二年级学生比城市学生自卑,初三学生比城市学生乐观。

Objective To study differences between the urban and rural areas of attribution style in middle school,and to provide bases for their mental health intervention measurements.Methods Six urban and rural school students in Xiamen were selected randomly,two classes were randomly selected from each grades of these six schools,1 476 students were asked to complete Children＇s Attributional Style Questionnaire（CN-CASQ）.Results The urban girls scored higher in PvG than rural girls,but scored lower in TB,PvB and PsB（P〈0.05）.The urban boys scored lower in PvB,TB,HoB than rural boys,but scored higher in PvG than rural boys（P〈0.05）.The rural first graders scored higher in PsB,TB and PvB than the urban（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）;the rural second graders scored higher in TB and PvB than the urban（P〈0.05）,and scored lower in TG and PvG than the urban（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）;the rural third graders scored higher in PmG than the urban（P〈0.01）.Conclusion Rural areas students are more pessimistic and have lower self-esteem than the urban ones,on the contrary,urban areas students are more optimistic and self-confidence than the rural ones;the rural first and second students are more low self-esteem than the urban ones,the urban third students are more optimistic than the rural ones.