有自杀意念大学生心理特征分析

Psychological characteristics among the undergraduates with the suicide ideation

目的了解有自杀意念大学生的心理健康状况、个性、自卑感及其影响因素,为提出相应的预防对策提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、自卑感量表(FIS)、自杀态度问卷(QSA),对分层整群抽取的河南科技学院765名大学生进行调查,筛选自杀意念学生,并采用回归分析方法研究自杀意念与各种心理特征的关系。结果大学生自杀意念报告率为15.9%,性别、本专科差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。有自杀意念者SCL-90总分及10个因子得分均高于无自杀意念者;有自杀意念的内外向(E)和掩饰性(L)得分较低,神经质(N)和精神质(P)得分较高;自杀意念者的自卑总分、自我价值、社交自信、体能自信分数高于无自杀意念组;有自杀意念者在对自杀行为性质的认识及对安乐死态度方面得分低于无自杀意念者,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。自杀意念与心理健康、自卑感、N分、P分正相关,与E分、L分负相关。结论有自杀意念大学生心理健康水平较差,人格缺陷明显,自卑感强,对自杀持较宽容态度。应关注睡眠差,有精神质、神经质特征,以及对自杀行为持认可态度的人。

Objective To learn the mental health condition,personality characteristics,the sense of inferiority and the suicide attitude,and to analyze the effecting factors and to provide the related preventive methods.Methods A total of 765 freshmen were investigated using Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90）,Eysenck Personal Questionnaire（EPQ）,The Feelings of Inadequacy Scale（FIS）,Suicide Attitude Questionnaire（QSA） and screened the freshmen with suicide ideation,and the psychological factors associated with suicidal ideation were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results The positive ratio of the suicidal ideation was 15.9%.There was no significant difference between the different students with different education background,different gender and different majors（P0.05）.The total score of SCL-90 and scores of ten factors were higher among the students who have suicidal ideation than those of no suicide ideation.The E and L scores were low,but the N and P scores were high in the students with suicidal ideation,the total score of the inferiority,self-value,social confidence,physical ability confidence of the freshmen with suicidal ideation were higher than those of no suicidal ideation;the score of the understanding the suicidal behavior character and the attitude to euthanasia was lower than those of no suicidal ideation,there was significant difference in the above results（P0.05）.The suicidal ideation was positive correlation to mental health,sense of inferiority,N and P;it was negative related to E and L.Conclusion The freshmen with the suicidal ideation have the poor mental health,obvious personality defect,strong sense of inferiority and an easily attitude to suicide,therefore more attention should be paid to the students with a poor sleeping,psychoticism,neuroticism and approval attitude to suicide.