反生物恐怖袭击医学救援中人员洗消装置的研制

Development of individual decontamination equipment for medicinal rescue of bioterrorism attack

目的研制基于机动喷雾器的反生物恐怖袭击医学救援中人体洗消装置,集成消毒杀虫和人员生物洗消多功能于一体。方法参考国内外洗消装置和结合多年三防医学救援演练和重大活动安保三防医学救援保障的经验,研制可与中型机动喷雾器匹配的洗消喷淋器,集成洗消装置,并现场测试性能。结果人员洗消装置由研制的洗消喷淋器、机动喷雾器和附件组成。展开和撤收时间分别为6和8 min,洗消的人员流通量可达360人/h,平均每人用洗消剂量为2.1 L。用含有效氯1 000 mg/L的三氯异氰尿酸洗消液现场试验,洗消5 min后对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌平均杀灭对数值分别为4.26(t=26.359,P<0.001)和4.03(P<0.001)。结论洗消装置具有一机多用、军民结合、平战结合、减少人员培训、降低贮存成本、便于维护和机动方便的特点,现场洗消试验表明能满足救援需要。

Objective To develop a individual decontamination equipment based on power sprayer not only for disinfection and disinsection spraying but also for medicinal rescue of bioterrorism attack. Methods Based on home and abroad decontamination equipments referenced and experiences summarized on exercises and major activi- ties services for NBC medicinal rescue for years, a showering decontamination device matched with medium - sized power sprayer was developed, and a individual decontamination equipment integrated was tested on the field. Results The equipment was composed of a decontamination showering device, a power sprayer and appurtenances. The de- ployment and retraction times of equipment operation were 6 min and 8 min respectively. The circulation was 360 indi- vidual/h. The average amount of decontamination solution was 2.1 L/individual. In decontamination trial used rich- loroisocyanuric acid solution containing available chlorine 1 000 mg/L with a 5 min contact time after decontamina- tion, the average killing log values of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were 4.26 （ t = 26. 359, P 〈 0. 001 ） and 4.03 （ t = 21. 053, P 〈 0. 001 ） respectively. Conclusion The equipment was characteristic of combination of multiple functions, combination of military and civilian purposes, combination of usual and emergency uses, reduc- tion of personnel training, reduction of storage costs, convenient maintenance and projection. It satisfied requirements for medicinal rescue of bioterrorism attack.