七带石斑鱼繁殖生物学及人工繁育技术研究进展

Research Progress on Reproduction Biology and Artificial Propagation Technique of Epinephelus septemfasciatus

石斑鱼是我国南方海水养殖的主要种类之一,而大部分石斑鱼种类均为暖水性鱼类,养殖水温要求在15℃以上,限制了石斑鱼在北方的发展。七带石斑鱼是唯一一种可以在较低温下生活,被人们称为"冷水石斑",适合在北方养殖,如今已成为中、日、韩三国海水鱼类繁育研究的热点。由于七带石斑鱼人工繁殖和苗种培育过程中有许多制约条件,其人工繁育仍未达到稳定大批量生产的规模。主要问题有以下几个:①雄性亲鱼难获得,数量较少,限制了苗种的大量繁育;②初孵仔鱼的个体弱小、口径小,对开口饵料要求严格,适口饵料极少;③稚鱼期鱼苗互相残杀极其严重,出现大鱼吃小鱼的现象。此外,还有卵质不良,仔稚幼鱼疾病等难题。本文简要概述了国内外七带石斑鱼繁殖生物学与人工繁育研究进展情况,并对其养殖过程中出现的问题进行探讨和总结,为今后开展七带石斑鱼规模化人工养殖研究提供参考。

Grouper is one of the major sea culture species in south China, and most of the grouper species are warm water fish. Culture water temperature requires above 15℃, which limited the development of grouper in the north. Seven band grouper known as ＂cold water grouper＂ is the only kind that lives at the lower temperature, suitable for cultivation in the north, which has become research focus of marine fish breeding in China, Japan and South Korea. As there exists many constraints during artificial breeding and fry rearing of the seven band grouper, the artificial breeding has not reached the stable mass production scale yet. The main problems are as follow： （1） male parent fish is difficult to obtain, the number is small, which limited the scale of seed breeding; （2） newly hatched larvae is weak, its mouth is small, it is strict to weaning food, suit food is rare; （3）during juveniles period seeds kill each other quite seriously, there are phenomenon that big fish eats small fish. In addition, poor quality of eggs, larvae and disease and so on are also the problems. This article briefly overview the foreign and international breeding biology and artificial breeding research progress about the seven band groupers, summary and discuss the problems existing in the aquaculture in order to provide reference for large-scale artificial breeding of seven band groupers in the future.