乾隆中后期清政府对“啯噜”的严厉镇压与社会恐慌

The Qing Government' Severe Suppression to "Guolu" and Social Panic in the Late Period of Emperor Qianlong

乾隆中后期,四川及其周边地区"啯噜"活动频繁,已经严重地扰乱了正常的社会秩序,清政府下决心铲除"啯噜"这一黑社会组织。但是,清政府面对着这一困境:将真正的"啯噜"与被怀疑为"啯噜"者、被裹胁入"啯噜"者区别开来,以打击真正的"啯噜",而不致造成大的社会恐慌。而事实上,在当时的社会条件下,这几乎是办不到的。"啯噜"镇压活动不可避免地造成了社会恐慌,后果很严重。

In the late period of Emperor Qianlong, ＂ Guolu＂ exercised actively in Sichuan and its surrounding areas, and it has seriously disturbed the normal social order, so the Qing government determined to eradicate ＂Guolu＂ -the triad society. However, the Qing government faced with the dilemma： in order to crack down on the real ＂ Guolu＂, without causing major social panic, the real ＂Guolu＂, the suspected ＂Guolu＂, and those who have been inducted into the ＂Guolu＂ should be distinguished. In fact, this was almost impossible to realize under the social conditions in the Qing dynasty. Severe repressing ＂ Guolu＂ inevitable resulted in social panic, and the consequences would be severe.