论希望的逻辑结构

On Logical Structure of Hope

某人有某种希望意指他希望某个命题为真,因而希望是关于命题的模态。希望逻辑是研究希望模态命题之间的逻辑关系。合理的希望是演绎封闭的、一致的、自我肯定的,等等,这些性质可以构成希望逻辑的公理。希望的一个重要的性质是,人们希望不一定为真,但是人们希望所希望的为真;它是希望逻辑的特有公理,可称为"希望公理"。借助于可能世界语义学通过选择不同的公理,可得到一些完全且可靠的希望逻辑系统。

One person has a hope means that he hopes a proposition be true,so that hope is the modality of the proposition.Hope logic studies on logical relations among hope modal propositions.Rational hope is deductively enclosed,consistent,self-affirmed,etc.,and these properties can compose axioms of hope logic.An important property of hope is that people hope their hopes can be true,which are not necessarily true.It is the particular axiom of hope logic,which is called'hope axiom'.By means of possible worlds semantics,some complete and reliable hope logic systems can be obtained with different axioms.