羽衣甘蓝花粉母细胞减数分裂及雄配子体发育观察

Observation of Pollen Mother Cell Meiosis and Male Gametophyte Development in Brassica oleracea L.var.acephala DC.

采用常规压片法对羽衣甘蓝花粉母细胞减数分裂及雄配子体发育进行了细胞学观察,结果显示：羽衣甘蓝减数分裂类似甘蓝种,细胞质分裂为同时型,四分体以正四面体型或十字交叉型为主;终变期有9个二价体,此时可进行染色体计数;中期Ⅰ和Ⅱ少数细胞中可见赤道板外染色体,后期Ⅰ和Ⅱ存在落后染色体,四分体时期可观察到少量含微核的异常四分体;单核靠边期时花蕾长度约为2.0-2.2 mm,小孢子经过发育最终成为3-细胞型花粉并具3个萌发孔,成熟花粉中败育花粉比率为1.3%.

The chromosome preparation technique was adopted to examine the meiosis process of pollen mother cells and the development of the male gametophytes in kale from the cytological angle.The results indicated that the meiosis process of kale was as the same as the other Brassica species,the pollen mother cells carried on their meiosis and cytokinesis simultaneously and their tetrads were mainly tetrahedral or decussate types;There appeared nine bivalents in diakinesis and chromosome numbers could be counted in this period;At metaphases Ⅰ and Ⅱ there is a small number of chromosomes scattering outside their equatorial plate.At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ there appeared a very few lagged chromosomes;At tetrad stage a small number of abnormal tetrads with micronuclei were visible;The length of bud is about 2.0 to 2.2 mm in side-placed nucleus period.Microspore was eventually developed to the three-cell pollen with three apertures,the abnormal pollens made up about 1.3% in matured pollens.