摘要
植物叶片暂时淀粉主要分解途径包括如下过程:叶绿体中半结晶状淀粉粒在葡聚糖-水双激酶(GWD)和磷酸葡聚糖-水双激酶(PWD)作用下磷酸化,使淀粉粒结构松散;异淀粉酶(ISA3)作用于松散淀粉粒而释放出磷酸葡聚糖,再经磷酸葡聚糖磷酸酶(SEX4)水解去除磷酸而生成可溶性线性葡聚糖;葡聚糖在β-淀粉酶(BAM3)催化下水解生成麦芽糖后,再通过麦芽糖载体(MEX1)转运至细胞质.该文主要综述了以上转化过程中涉及的底物、生成物和催化酶类的研究进展情况,同时简述了植物叶片暂时淀粉分解的次要途径和抗逆性相关途径,并提出了该领域目前存在的问题和今后研究方向.
In the chloroplast,starch exists in the form of semicrystalline granules.Semicrystalline starch granules are phosphorylated by glucan-water dikinase（GWD） and phosphoglucan-water dikinase（PWD）,then loosened.Isoamylase（ISA3） may act on the loosened starch granules.Phosphoglucans are released by ISA3.Phosphate groups on phosphoglucans are cut off by phosphoglucan phosphatase（SEX4）.Followed by the catalysis of β-amylase（BAM3） on linear glucans,maltose is produced.Maltose is transferred by maltose transporter（MEX1） from the chloroplast to the cytosol.It is the main pathway of transitory starch degradation.We have also reviewed the secondary pathway of transitory starch degradation and the pathway related to the tolerance.Finally,the problem is pointed out as well as the developing prospect is proposed in this field.
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第9期1927-1932,共6页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30670145)
关键词
暂时淀粉
淀粉分解
代谢途径
麦芽糖
transitory starch
starch degradation
metabolic pathway
maltose
