“诗教”理论的现代意义与实践

Modern Meaning and Practice of the "Enlightenment of The Book of Poetry"

《礼记·经解》云:"孔子曰:‘入其国,其教可知也。其为人也,温柔敦厚,诗教也。’"有关温柔敦厚的意涵,学者各有说解,徐复观先生《释诗的温柔敦厚》一文以为:所谓的"温",就是"不太冷,也不太热"。所谓的"柔",指的是"有弹性,有吸引力,容易使人亲近的柔和感情"。至于"敦厚"则是"富于深度、富有远意的感情。也可以说是有多层次,乃至无限层次的感情"。本文以为先生的说解,简明易了,故取以为释,并依序分为(一)温柔敦厚(二)思无邪(三)兴观群怨(四)不学诗无以言(五)经世致用五项论述之。以为孔子诗教理论的意义与精神,不仅历久而弥新,方今世变日亟,人欲横流,期能拨乱图治,振衰起弊,正人心,厚风俗,除提倡并确实实践温柔敦厚之诗教理论而无由也。

＂In a word,the enlightenment of The Book of Poetry is epitomized by gentleness and sincereness,＂ as Confucius said.As the two concepts Confucius advocated become the most well-known definition of The Book of Poetry,scholars hold many discussions on the meaning of gentleness and sincereness.Here comes Hsu Fu-kwan＇ point of view.The Chinese word ＂温柔＂（wen-rou,means ＂gentleness＂） is combined by two characters.＂温＂ is ＂warm＂ and able to be considered as ＂not too cold,not too hot,either.＂ ＂柔＂ means soft and flexible.As to ＂敦厚＂（dun-hou,means ＂sicereness＂）,both the two characters ＂敦＂ and ＂厚＂ means honest and magnanimous.The thesis is based on Mr.Hsu＇s explanation as above and develops further argumentations to prove that the meaning of the enlightenment of The Book of Poetry is still new and unshakable nowadays.Moreover,it＇s still the best and only doctrine to correct social value and human behavior though Confucius promoted the idea to change the politics 3000 years ago.