论不真正不作为犯之故意要素

On the Intent Elements in Non-Typical Omission Crimes

从德日刑法理论和司法判例的角度看,不真正不作为犯的故意中的认识要素和意志要素不仅应当存在,而且应当具备独自的内涵。不真正不作为的直接故意是指,行为人明知构成要件事实必然发生,且认识到自己居于保证人地位、保证人义务,在待修复的法益对不作为人具有高度的依赖性,行为人不作为甚至排除他人介入的可能;相反,行为人明知或预见到了构成要件事实的发生的可能性,且待修复的法益对不作为人不具有高度依赖性,行为人放任构成要件事实的发生,就是间接故意。

Viewed from the perspective of German/Japanese penal code and judicial precedent, the cognitive element and will element should not only exist in non-typical omission crimes, but also have their own content. Direct intent of non-typical omission refers to the possible omission of an actor and his/her exclusion of others＇ intervention, when the actor knows facts of constitutive elements must happen and is aware that he/she assumes the guarantor status and responsibility and the potential legal interest is highly dependent on the omission actor. On the contrary, when the actor knows or foresees facts of constitutive elements might happen and the potential legal interest doesn＇t depend on the omission actor, the actor＇s omission is indirect intent.