即时文字网络心理咨询中的咨询关系

Counseling relationship in instant text-based online counseling

目的:探讨即时文字网络心理咨询中咨询关系的表现及变化特征。方法:采取方便抽样,选取有3～5年高校心理咨询工作经验的7位心理咨询师所做的7例即时文字网络心理咨询个案,7名来访者来自征集的志愿大学生。运用质性研究的文本内容分析方法,对7例咨询对话文本进行类属分析。结果:网络咨询关系的外显特征表现为咨询师和来访者昵称的使用、文字特征的使用、其他符号的使用等方面;咨询关系的内隐表现有来访者表达的情感深度、咨询师的自我开放程度、移情与反移情等;表示咨询关系正向发展的现象有:双方字体颜色逐渐协调、笔误更正逐渐减少、双方更多真诚表达等;表示咨询关系负向发展或出现危机的现象有:经常忘记或频繁更改咨询时间、专注度下降,频繁出现多任务操作情况、更换生疏隔离的昵称等。结论:透过对网络文字沟通的外显特征的恰当使用,并注重内在情感的表达和理解,以体现咨询师的真诚、尊重、共情的态度,方可促进即时文字网络心理咨询良好咨询关系的建立。

Objective： To explore the performance and development characteristics of counseling relationship in instant text-based online counseling. Method： Seven college clients and 7 counselors with three to five years counseling experience in university counseling centers participated in this research. Transcriptions of the seven cases were analyzed by text-analysis method. Results： The explicit characteristics of online counseling relationship reflec- ted in the use of net names of counselors and clients, word features, and other symbols, etc. The implicit characteris- tics were conveyed by the degree of clients＇emotion expression, self-disclosure level of counselors, as well as trans- ference and Progressive coordination of using font and word color between counselors and cli- ents, less typos and revisions, and more genuine expressions indicated that the online counseling relationship went well. However, the following phenomenons implied that the counseling relationship might underlie some crisis, in- cluding frequent forgetting or changing counseling time, attention deficit, frequent multi-tasks conditions, and repla- cing isolated net names, etc. Conclusion： Good instant text-based online counseling relationship can be enhanced by appropriately usage of explicit characteristics of online communication, as well as counselors＂ implicit reflection of feelings, genuineness, respect, and empathy.