心理护理在改善艾滋病患者主观症状中的应用

Psychological nursing in releasing the subjective symptoms in HIV patients

目的探讨心理护理协助艾滋病患者改善主观症状的效果。方法选择传染科住院治疗的艾滋病患者133例，入院后应用症状评估量表（MSAS）对患者主观症状进行评价，并对其进行心理护理，出院后每月进行随访，6个月后再次用MSAS评价患者的症状，比较患者在心理护理前后症状的改善。结果心理干预前后，133例患者在MSAS的32项指标中，注意力不集中[（1．1±1．3）分比（0．7±0．9）分]、疼痛[（1．3±1．2）分比（0．8±0．9）分]、乏力[（1．8±1．5）分比（1．3±1．0）分]等11项指标得到改善，差异有统计学意义（x2分别为4．222，4．531，4．682；P〈0．01）；患者主观症状发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论心理护理对艾滋病患者的症状改善有益，而对症状发生的比例没有影响。

Objective To study the effectiveness of psychological nursing in the subjective symptoms release in HIV patients. Methods 133 patients （ male 88, mean age 42.3 ± 10.9） admitted to the department of contagious diseases of our hospital from 2007 to 2010 were recruited. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale （MSAS） system was applied to evaluate the subjective symptoms of the patients. Afterwards, all the patients were given psychological nursing once a month and received follow-ups for 6 months, after which the subjective symptoms were reevaluated by the MSAS to see whether there is a symptom release in these patients. Results 11 of 32 indices of the MSAS were very significantly decreased after intervention, such like difficulty concentrating [ （ 1.1 ± 1.3 ） vs （0.7 ± 0.9） ], pain [ （ 1.3 ± 1.2） vs （0.8 ± 0.9） ], lack of energy [ （ 1.8 ± 1.5） vs （ 1. 3 ± 1.0） ], et al, and the difference was significant （ x2 = 4. 222, 4.531, 4. 682 ; P 〈 0. 01 ）. Incidence of subjective symptom was the same （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Psychological nursing is helpful in symptom release in HIV patients and this beneficial effect has no influence on the symptom positive ratio.