粤东北地区部分农民急救知识调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of first-aid knowledge on peasantry in Northeast of Guangdong

目的了解粤东北地区农民急救知识状况，以便更有效地进行急救知识与技能的教育。方法采用方便抽样方法，应用自制问卷调查表，对粤东北地区4个市658名农民进行问卷调查，对调查结果进行统计分析。结果658名农民急救知识调查问卷平均正确率为57．3％；除狗咬伤、毒蛇咬伤和中暑外，农民对急救知识和技能掌握程度较低；男性农民对触电的紧急处理正确率为54．5％，女性农民为46．6％，两者比较差异有统计学意义（X。=5．156，P〈0．05）；不同年龄段农民在触电、电器火灾、煤气中毒、外伤骨折、关节扭伤、狗咬伤的紧急处理几方面比较，差异有统计学意义（X^2分别为12．575，13．458，10．782，8．201，5．807，4．108；P〈0．05）；不同居住地的农民对触电、烫伤烧伤、关节扭伤的紧急处理几方面比较，差异有统计学意义（X^2分别为24．212，3．553，7．355；P〈0．05）；不同教育程度的农民对火灾通道、腹泻、急性腹痛、气道异物紧急处理及求救电话的知晓率方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论农民对日常生活所需的急救知识与技能普遍欠缺，需要普及。

Objective To understand the situation of first aid knowledge and skills on peasantry in Northeast of Guangdong, in order to implement education on first-aid knowledge and skills more effectively. Methods Apply the self-made questionnaire and use convenient sampling method to investigate 700 peasantry from 4 cities of northeast Guangdong, including Heyuan, Shaoguan, Meizhou, Qingyuan , and the results were analyzed by x^2 test. Results Mean correct rate of 658 peasants was 57.3%. Except for dog bites, snake bites and heat stroke, the peasantry＇ s first-aid knowledge and skills are poor ; The emergency treatment of electric shock between different gender peasantry is significant [ 54.5% for male and 46.6% for female （ x^2 = 5. 156, P 〈0.05]; Different age groups of peasantry on the electric shock, electrical fire, gas poisoning, traumatic fracture, sprain, dog bites emergency treatment are significant （X^2 = 12. 575, 13. 458, 10. 782, 8. 201, 5. 807, 4. 108; P 〈 0. 05 ）; Different sections of the peasantry on the electric shock, scald burns, sprain of emergency treatment are significant （ X^2 = 4. 212, 3. 553, 7. 355 ; P 〈 0. 05 ） ; Different levels of education of peasantry on the emergency access, diarrhea, acute abdominal pain, foreign bodies in airway emergency and awareness of calls are no significant （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The emergency knowledge and skills in peasantry＇ s daily life are deficient, and it＇ s necessary to spread the first-aid knowledge and skills in daily life among peasantry.