自他动词与格助词的关系特征——以「を」「が」「に」为例

Intransitive Verbs——A Case Study of"wo,ga,ni"

在日语初中级学习者中,很多人由于不能正确判断自他动词的属性,造成自他动词的混淆而不能与助词正确搭配,尤其是自他动词与格助词「を」「に」的搭配。本文从格助词‘を」「が」「に」的语法意义入手,对其在句子中的语义特征进行了归纳和探讨,并使用举例说明的方法,力求在这三个格助词与自他动词的语法关系辨别以及自他动词在后接补助动词「ている」「てある」时格助词的变化分析上有所突破,为日语的初中级学者在区别使用自他动词方面提供一点参考。

Many Japanese learners at primary or intermediate level cannot determine the attribute of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs, which results in inaccurate collocation, especially with case particles ＂wo, ga, ni＂. The paper starts with au analysis of the grammatical meaning of case-auxiliary verbs ＂wo, ga, ni＂, and then summarizes their semantic features in the syntax. In aims of providing Japanese beginners and intermediate learners with advice in making a distinction between transitive verbs and intransitive verbs, it defines by demonstrating examples of the grammatical relations between them, and analyses the variation of case-auxiliary verbs when transitive verbs and intransitive verbs are followed by auxiliary verbs ＂teiru, team＂.