上海养老机构老年人居室热环境调查及分析

Investigation and analysis of indoor thermal environment in welfare centers for the aged in Shanghai

为了了解上海市养老机构老年人居室的室内环境现状,于2010年12月至2011年4月对上海8所养老机构的109名老年人进行了问卷调查和现场测试。统计结果表明,养老机构老年人居室内空调的普及率达100%,但室内热湿环境并不理想,只有44.9%的老年人居室温度满足《夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》,而75%的老年人的热感觉为中性。冬季老年人最常采取的适应性措施是晒太阳。冬季上海老年人的中性温度为16.63℃,可接受温度范围为18.32～22.08℃。回归分析发现,PMV对老年人热感觉的预测值偏离实际热感觉,预测效果不是很理想。使用独立样本t检验分析发现身体健康状况对老年人的热感觉有显著影响(P<0.05)。

To find out the status of indoor thermal environment in the centers, investigates 109 old people in 8 centers from December 2010 to April 2011 by questionnaire and field test. The statistical results indicate that all the bedrooms investigated are equipped with air conditioners, while the thermal environment is still unsatisfactory. Only 44.9% of the measured indoor temperatures meet the specification of the Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone, while 75% of thermal sensation votes is neutral. The predominant measure of thermal adaption is basking. The temperature of thermal neutrality is 16.63 ℃ and the acceptable temperature range is 18.32 to 22.08 ℃in winter for the old people in Shanghai. A regression analysis shows that the mean thermal sensation reported by subjects is different from the predicted mean vote. The result of one-sample t-test shows that the thermal sensation is significantly affected by physical fitness of the old people （P〈0.05）.