略论明代江南市镇的启蒙教育

The Ming Dynasty's enlightenment education in the towns of Jiangnan

有明一代,江南市镇的启蒙教育空前活跃,其形式包括官方倡导的社学和民间兴办的私塾、义塾、家学等,教学内容普遍以基础知识传授和道德礼仪训导为主,并形成了一套颇为有效的运作模式。与前代相比,明代江南市镇的启蒙教育不仅普及程度明显提高,而且教育目标也发生变化,在面向科举的同时,越来越多地成为市镇居民提升自身文化素养的重要途径,从而对市镇的持续发展产生了广泛的影响。

In the Ming Dynasty,the enlightenment education was extremely active in Jiangnan area with various forms,such as Shexue（public education） sponsored by the authority,private schools,free private schools,family schools etc..The teaching content was mainly about foundamental knowledge and moral manners.And it formed an effective working model.Compared with previous dynasites,the Ming Dynasty＇s enlightment education in Jiangnan area has the following changes： the popularity level is much higher;teaching aims become different;it becomes an important way for civilants to promote their cultural accomplishment execpt for imperial examination,and it produces wide influence on the sustainable development of towns.