4[3]Baum M,Bemer H,Putenscu C,et al.Biphasic Positive airway pressure (BiPAP)a new form augmented ventilation[J].Anaesthesist,1989,38:452-458.
5[5]Bandouls S,Blumenthal S,Cooper B,et al.Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure[J].Thorat,2002,57:192-211.
6Acosta B,DiBenedetto R,Rahimi A,et al. Hemodynamic effects of noninvasive bilevel positive airway pressure on patients with chronic congestive heart failure with systolic dysfunction. Chest,2000,118:1004-1009.
7Pinsky MR,Matuschak GM,Klain M. Determinants of cardiac augmentation by elevations in intrathoracic pressure. J Appl Physiol,1985,58:1189-1198.
8Crane SD,Elliott MW,Gilligan P,et al. Randomised controlled comparison of continuous positive airways pressure,bilevel non-invasive ventilation,and standard treatment in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Emerg Med J,2004,21:155-161.
9Naughton MT,Rahman MA,Hara K,et al. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressures in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation,1995,91:1725-1731.
10Hoffmann B,Welte T.The use of noninvasive pressure support ventilation for severe respiratory insufficiency due to pulmonary oedema[J].lnten-sive care Med,1999,25(1):1~2