《远大前程》的叙事特征

Narrative Characteristics of Great Expectations

兴盛于６０至７０年代的结构主义叙事学，至少在两个层面上丰富了文学批评。其一，它有助于人们努力去发现相同类型作品的深层结构，如神话故事、民间传说及侦探故事；其二，它为特定作品的文本分析提供了线索，阐明了一则“故事”是怎样转变成一句“话语”的。《远大前程》作为狄更斯最后三部作品之一，表现出既符合于当时常规、又向这些常规提出挑战的叙事特征。本文从“叙事结构”、“叙事语法”、“叙事视点”和“文章策略”等方面分析这些特征，认为《远大前程》是２０世纪上半叶基于传统现实主义和现代主义的过渡性作品。

Structuralism narratology which f;piroshed in 1970s has enriched literary criticism at least intwo aspects . First, it encourages people to detect the deep structure underlying every story of the same genre:myths, folktales, detective stories, etc.; Second, it throws light on the texture analysis of a given work,clarifying how a 'story' is transformed into a 'discourse'. Great Expectations,one of the last three novels byCharles Dickens, shows enough narrative features which conform to the conventions of his time on the one handand defy the convention on the Other. This poper is an attempt tO alucidate these features by features by focusing on 'narrative struture', 'narrative grammar''narrative views'texture strategies' of the novel. The conclusion is that Great Expectations is a transitional novel between conventional realism and medernism in the firsthalf of the 20th century.