将“功夫”引入哲学

Introducing Gongfu into Philosophy

中国哲学的"合法性"问题面临的两难困境是,要将它纳入西方主流哲学狭隘的框架,便会丧失其独特性;而保持其独特性,则难以摆脱其游离于哲学之外的命运。要打破这一魔咒,必须将中国传统思想的资源引入哲学,参与哲学的"立法"。宋明儒家常用的"功夫"概念所包含的丰富内涵,能够将实践与主体的转化及修炼的方法等层面结合起来,克服西方主流哲学执著于理性认知而忽视实践指导、把行为仅仅看作主体选择而忽视人的自我修炼这两大盲点。它可以从三个方面促进哲学的发展:功夫可以作为一个哲学的视角或取向,可以作为一个哲学研究的领域,也可能引导出包括功夫伦理学在内的一系列功夫哲学理论。

A dilemma underneath the question of'the legitimacy of Chinese philosophy'is that in order to squeeze it into the narrow framework of the mainstream Western philosophy,it will lose its uniqueness,and yet in order to retain its uniqueness,it will be kept outside of philosophy.The only way to break the spell is to let the resources of traditional Chinese thought participate in the process of 'legislating'philosophy.The concept of gongfu,which Song-Ming neo-Confucians frequently use,contains rich layers of meaning that effectively brings human practice together with the transformation of human subjectivity and the methods of cultivation,and can thereby shed lights on two major blind spots of the mainstream Western philosophy: that,because of its preoccupation with gaining propositional truth,it overlooks practical guidance,and that,because it conceives humans as essentially choice-makers,it overlooks self-transformation.The concept of gongfu can stimulate further development of philosophy in three ways: It can be used as a philosophical approach or perspective,help define an area of philosophical study —— the philosophy of gongfu,and potentially lead to a series of gongfu theories such as gongfu ethics.