制度研究范式的逻辑基础:对象界分和分析思维

The Logic Foundation of the Paradigm of Institutional Research—the Differentiation of Research Object and the Thought of Analysis

要确立有效的制度研究范式,首先需要对制度的内涵和外延进行界定。目前,基于博弈论理解的制度有三种含义:博弈的参与者、博弈规则和博弈均衡,而后两种理解是主要的。其中,可以从两个层次和维度对制度进行界分:一者,是正式制度和非正式制度之间的界分,因为两者在起源轨迹和形成原则都存在很大差异;二者,是个人习惯和社会习俗之间的界分,因为两者在影响范围和应然属性上都是不同的。显然,新制度主义热衷于使用博弈论工具将制度看成是个体互动中产生的一种可自我维系的博弈均衡,但这在很大程度上仅仅研究了个人习惯的形成,而没有什么制度分析。因此,对主流博弈论的均衡分析框架,我们必须保持一种审慎的态度,并积极将历史和社会因素引入到演绎的分析框架中。

It is needed to define the connotation and extensionof institution in order to establish an effective research paradigm of institution.Currently,there are three main understanding on institute based on game theory:game players,game rules and game's equilibrium,and the latter two is essential.Among them,we can distinguish institute from two dimensions:one is make a division between formal and informal institute,because they have big difference in the trajectory of origin and the principle of formation;the other is make a division between personal habits and social customs,because they have big difference in the scope of impact and the nature of 'should be'.Clearly,new institutionalism are keen to take the institute as a self-sustaining balance of the game produced by an individual interaction by using game theory tools.But largely,it only research the formation of personal habits,but not the analysis of institute.Therefore,we must maintain a cautious attitude on the equilibrium analysis based on mainstream game theory framework,and actively introduced historical and social factors into the analytical framework of deduction.