香港社会福利组织与政府的关系

The Relationships between Hong Kong Government and Social Service Organizations

利用香港大学对381个社会福利组织进行电话和邮寄问卷调查所获得的数据,分析和检验传统型态和新型态的社会福利组织与政府之间的补充性、互补性与抗衡性。数据分析发现,近年来新型态的社会福利组织从事如社区发展等新兴社会福利项目,以补充政府无法满足的新社会需求。同时,传统型态的社会福利组织也发挥了重要的补充性角色,是政府首选的合作伙伴,比新型态的社会福利组织更易获得政府补助。当进一步检视政府与两种社会福利组织的互动时超过一半的传统型态社会福利组织积极参与了政府活动,形成与政府的合作关系。虽然两种组织对倡议性活动的参与程度都不高,传统型态社会福利组织的抗衡性比新型态的社会福利组织要高。研究结果显示,传统型态社会福利组织拥有主导性的地位,即使政府希望社会福利组织透过竞标来公平争取合约,新型态社会福利组织仍处于相对的弱势。政府应积极辅导这些新成立的社会福利组织,以健全社会福利提供的管道。

Based on the survey data collected by the University of Hong Kong on 381 social welfare organizations in Hong Kong,this paper examines and compares the traditional-type and new-type social welfare organizations regarding their supplementary,complementary,and adversarial relations with governments.We find that in recent years the new-type social welfare nonprofits have been involved in new services like community development and supplemented the new demands that the governments fail to meet.Meanwhile,traditional nonprofits are still the preferred partners of governments,play an important complementary role,and can more easily get government subsidies.A further examination of the interaction between governments and these two types of nonprofits shows that traditional nonprofits are more active in building government-nonprofit collaboration and over half of them are working with the governments.Although both types of nonprofits are not deeply involved in advocacy activities,traditional nonprofits have a higher inclination to be adversarial.We also find that even the government can introduce competitive contracting and other new manners to promote participation,the traditional nonprofits still have a leading role in this area.Governments should offer more support to the new nonprofits to improve the channels of social welfare delivery.