巴西低收入家庭中的年轻世代依赖老年人现象

Younger generations’ dependence on the elderly in low-income Brazilian families

非正式工人数量的增长一向是巴西等发展中国家劳动市场的特点。非正式工人有几种类型,他们之间的收入差异很大。有很多工种通常是由城市街道穷人即当街摆地摊者(在多数大城市,摆摊的地方如今通常被限制在为这类小买卖人提供的场所,葡语称为camelódromos)来做,如停车管理员、爆玉米花小贩、废品回收分拣者等。我们经常看到有带着小孩的老人和中年男女,他们照料着自己的帐篷、箱子等,甚至在当街摆开一块布就贩卖物品。在米纳斯吉拉斯州首府贝洛奥里藏特,这些人并不在市政厅登记,他们在当地被称为"斗牛士"(toreros)。本文的主题是研究贝洛奥里藏特的这个非正式工人群体,如当街摆地摊者、街道流动小商贩(不管登记与否)、废品回收分拣者、擦鞋人、彩票叫卖人等。本文的结论是,老年非正式工人的作用对满足大家庭基本需要至关重要。

The labour market in developing countries such as Brazil has been characterised by an increase in the number of informal workers.There are several categories of informal workers,with large differences among them in terms of income.There are many jobs typical of poor people on city streets:vendors of small novelties(which,in most big cities nowadays,are confined to places for these vendors called camel dromos) such as car guards,popcorn vendors,and recycling material separators.We see elderly people together with young and middle-aged men and women who take care of their tents,boxes or even set goods to sell on the street on pieces of cloth.The latter are not registered with City Hall in Belo Horizonte,the state capital of Minas Gerais,where they are known as toreros.The subject of this study was the population of informal workers,such as vendors of small novelties on the streets,street peddlers(registered or not) ,recycling material separators,bootblacks and lottery ticket vendors in Belo Horizonte.The study concludes that the role of elderly informal workers is crucial in meeting extended families’ basic needs.