日本传统社会下组织、交易治理机制的演进与市场发展

The Evolution and Market Development of Organizations and Trade Management Systems in Japanese Traditional

随着经济史研究中合约、组织、制度及其变迁视角的引进及其应用,传统社会下社会信念、规范、组织等非正式制度对商品、市场经济扩展的作用正在被研究者所关注。传统社会下日本的组织和非正式制度的发展经历了从血缘型组织(家族)、地缘型组织(村落)再到模拟血缘型组织(家元)和非血缘型组织(问屋、株仲间)的演进。在每种组织的形成及演进背后,起主要作用的是与各种交易相关联的声誉、产权保护和交易治理等因素。

As the perspectives of contracts, organizations, systems and change are introduced into the study of economic history, the researchers are paying attention to the effect on the commodities and expansion of market economy in the traditional societies made by the informal systems, such as social faith, regulations and organizations. The Japanese organizations and informal systems evolved from the blood-related organizations （families） to the geography-related organizations （villages）, then to the sim- ulated blood-related organizations and the non-blood related organizations within the traditional society. It is the factors, such as the reputations, property protection and trade management and trade manage- ment which are related to all types of trades, that play a key role in the formation and evolution of each organization.