元禄时期日本中下层町家女性形象分析——以井原西鹤《世间胸算用》为中心

Female Stereotype of Lower-middle Merchant Families at Genroku Times——Centering on This Scheming World by Ihara Saikaku

井原西鹤于元禄5年(1692年)出版的小说《世间胸算用》以当时町人的经济现实状况为素材,正视了那些贪恋金钱、在艰难的生活中痛苦挣扎的中、下层町人,把如何生存、如何生活下去作为思考的问题,肯定了受金钱折磨的中、下层町人的生活,描绘了在严峻的现实环境中艰难生存的人的力量。通过对《世间胸算用》中中、下层町家女性的职业、对生活的姿态、地位的分析,不仅可以了解江户时代中期中、下层町家女性的生存实态以及她们的形象特征,也能够理解生存重压下的这些女性对"自爱"和"自由"之向往与她们在现实生活中的无奈。

The novel This Scheming World by Ihara Saikaku, published in Genroku 5（1692）, described the economic status of merchant families during that era, faced up to the merchants from lower-middle class who struggled miserably in the hardship of life, probed the issue about how to survive in the world, affirmed the lower class merchants tortured by money, and described the human power in order to survive in a stern environment. By analyzing the profession, the value toward life as well as the status of females from lower class merchant families, This Scheming World conveyed the survival condition as well as the images of these females, and helped us to learn about their yearning for ＂self-respect＂ and ＂freedom＂ and the feeling of helplessness under the heavy load of life.