孝扇草的生药鉴定

Pharmacognostic Identification of Calystegia soldanella

目的:从孝扇草的药材性状、显微特征及紫外光谱特征方面进行鉴定研究,为开发利用该药用植物提供参考依据。方法:采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、正置显微镜及紫外光谱法对孝扇草进行生药学鉴定。结果:孝扇草根皮层及韧皮部均具有乳汁管,茎韧皮部外侧有一列厚壁细胞环带;上下表皮均有气孔分布,平轴式。SEM观察可见气孔散生且取向无规则;保卫细胞表面光滑,上表皮副卫细胞表面光滑或有纹理,纹理与保卫细胞相垂直,下表皮副卫细胞纹理较不规则。紫外光谱扫描有明显的特征吸收峰:乙醇提取物在324 nm处有一吸收峰;氯仿提取物在241 nm、296 nm和316 nm处有吸收峰。结论:在性状、显微及紫外光谱鉴定的基础上,再利用SEM对孝扇草微型态进行鉴定,进一步提高了对其鉴定的准确度。

Objective：To identify Calystegia soldanella and provide foundation for its further Study and application. Methods： Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, upright microscope and UV were applied in the research. Results： Laticifers were observed in the cortex and phloem of root, sclerenchymatous cells were cyclized in the outer phloem of stem, the stomas present on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis, the stomatal type was paracytic. Observed by scanning electron microscope, stomas distributed on and sank into both adaxial and abaxial epidermis ; The surface of guard cells were smooth, and subsidiary cells were smooth or veined, the veins were perpendicular to guard cells on adaxial epidermis, while the veins were irregular on subsidiary cells of abaxial epidermis. And the absorption peaks were significantly in UV scanning spectrum： the ethanol extract had an absorption peak at 324nm; While the chloroform extract~ at 241nm, 296nm and 316nm. Conclusion： Bases on the characteristic identification, micro-identification and physicochemical identification, SEM is further used in the identification of micro-morphological characteristics of Calystegia soldanella, and it will raise the accuracy of the identification of Calystegia soldanella.