撒切尔政府的内城区政策分析

Analysis on Inner City Policies in Thatcher's Government

撒切尔政府的内城区政策虽然接受了1977年白皮书的基本观点,即需要复兴旧城区经济,但在具体措施方面表现出两个特点:一是强调私人部门的重要性;二是内城区政策更多是由中央政府指导。其旧城区政策有4个主要目标:第一,鼓励新兴工商业;第二,提高就业;第三,复兴废弃地区;第四,减少犯罪。主要政策措施是先后实施了城市发展公司、企业开发区、特别工作组和城市行动队等方案和计划。撒切尔政府的内城区政策在一些城市的复兴过程中是成功的,但也存在诸如"创造单位工作的成本"过高等不足。因此说,这一时期许多城市旧城区的复兴仅仅是有利于经济发展,但内城区问题并没有解决。

In the influence of ＇ Thatcherism＇ , inner city policies of Thatcher＇s Government demonstrate two distinct characteristics. First, it emphasizes the importance of the private sector; second, inner city policies are managed by the central government rather than by local governments. There are four main objectives of the inner city policies of Thatcher＇ s government. First, to encourage new businesses ; second, to increase employment; third, to rehabilitate abandoned areas; fourth, to reduce crime. The main measures include lots of plans and programs such as the Urban Development Corporation, Enterprise Zone, Inner City Task Forces and City Action Teams. These policies in some cities are successful for developing economic and reducing employment. However, these policies also led to certain negative effects such as too expensive in terms of ＇cost per job created＇. Thus, although inner city policies in the 1980s undoubtedly succeeded in transforming parts of some cities, it is not clear how such policies will affect entire conurbations or the country＇ s urban system as a whole. The regeneration in the inner city is simply in favor of economic development.