魏营子文化初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE WEIYINGZI CULTURE

一、绪言魏营子文化是分布于北方长城地带东端的一支青铜文化,其占据的大小凌河流域是联系中原和东北亚地区的枢纽。魏营子文化的研究,对于理顺燕山南北长城地带诸青铜文化的关系具有十分重要的意义。魏营子文化因1970年秋最早发现于辽宁朝阳县前魏营子村而得名。1971—1976年间。

The Weiyingzi culture is a Bronze Age archaeological culture distributed mainly in the valleys of the Greater and Lesser Linghe rivers.In the present paper,it is given this name according to the newest material of excavation and divided into two periods with four stages on the basis of stratigraphical and typological evidence,especially the pottery of the Xiangyangling site in Yixian county,Liaoning province,with reference to the dates of the Fuxin Pingdingshan and other type sites.It goes back to the time from about the Yin Ruins 11 phase roughly to the turn between the Western and Eastern Zhou periods. The characteristic features of the culture can be summed up as follows.The pottery consists mainly of greyish-brown sandy,reddish-brown and orange-red wares,in which plain,swollen-belled li tripods decorated with appliqued bands along the rim or neck constitute the commonest type,and basins with double lips,plain urns,jars with appliqued bands,those with high necks,and bowls also occur frequently.The bronzes are represented by weapons,mirrors,lids and spouted bowl-shaped objects with local features.The stone artifacts are principally long narrow axes with a single perforation and similar shape knives with a straight back and edge and double perforations;and the hone articles,spoons and oracle bones with drilled and fired marks.The dwellings.belong to the subterranean or surface type.The tombs are chambered earth shafts featuring single burial in an extended supine position and with pigs or oxen as victims. The culture was formed by multiple groups of cultural elements.Roughly in the Yin Ruins Ⅰand Ⅱ phases,the Zhukaigou culture element represented by li with appliqued bands spread along the northern foot of the Yanshan Mountains and reached the valleys of the Greater and Lesser Linghe rivers,encountering the Yaowangmiao type of Lower Xiaojiadian culture in its southern area and the westwards-advanced Gaotaishan culture element represented by double-liped plain vessels with bridge-shaped or solid horizontal ears.Thus the mutual absorption and amalgamation of these elements resulted in the formation of the unique Weiyingzi culture.The direct successor of the culture might have been the complex represented by the Chaoyang Shiertai-yingzi site. In the course of its development,the Weiyingzi culture came into close relations with the Upper Zhangjiayuan and Upper Xiajiadian cultures existing in adjacent areas and together with them formed the Great Wall cultural zone with appliqued-banded li as the mark,which rised in the Yin Ruins Ⅱ phase or a little later,and flourished during the late Shang and Western Zhou neriods