梅树流胶病病原真菌的研究

Studies on Fungi Pathogens of Gummosis of Japanese Apricot(Prunus mume)

通过1986～1988年对浙江、江苏两省主要产梅区的梅树流胶病病害标本的采集、病原菌的分离培养和接种试验,证明了引起梅树流胶病的病原真菌有两种:葡萄座腔菌[Botryosphaeria dothidea(Moung. ex Fr.)Ces. & de Not(Syn B. ribis Gross & Dugg.)]和可可球二孢菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (Syn.Lasiodiplodia theobromae(Pat.)Griff & Maub 1.)]分别引起枝腐型流胶和干腐型流胶。两种病菌的菌落只有在有光照射下才能形成分生孢子。B.dothidea的分生孢子萌发后通过皮孔、伤口和叶痕侵入枝干、枝梢,该病原除危害梅树外,还能危害桃、李、杏、樱桃等核果类果树。Bd.theobromae在梅树上的寄生危害在国内外尚属首次报道。

Diseased samples of japanese apricot gummosis collected from Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, were studied by pathgens isolation inoculation and reisolation during 1986～1988. The results showed that two species of fungi, Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Crs & de Not(Syn. B. ribis Gross. et Dugg.) and Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.[Syn. Lasiodiplodia theobromae(Pat.) Griff. & Moubl.] which caused blight of branches, twiges and rotting of trunks, branches respectively, were two pathogens of this disease. Labortary tests proved that lighting is necessary for the pathogens to produce pycnidia. The germinated condia of B. dothidea could invade branches and twigs through the wound, leafscar and lenticels. The pathogen's host ranges are wide, including peach, cheery, apricot, plum, and so on. In this paper, we report firstly about japanese apricot trees invaded by Bd. theobromae around the world.