面向大规模定制的供应链延迟策略模型

Supply Chain Postponement Strategy Model for Mass Customization

为了有效地发挥供应链的整体效率、为制造商提供最优的生产策略,考虑大规模定制环境下供应链延迟制造活动的特点,以及顾客的个性化需求和等待时间,研究通用化阶段和定制化阶段的成本关系,利用排队论建立了以制造商总成本最小为目标的供应链延迟策略模型.通过模型确立大规模定制生产方式下制造商生产过程的各项成本与通用件比例、通用件库存之间的关系,并采用启发式算法确定最优供应商生产通用件的比例和通用件的库存水平,以求得较小的制造商总成本,为制造商确定生产方式提供有效的决策手段.算例结果表明:库存水平不同,最优通用件比例也不同,通用件比例取值范围为0.45～0.65;在库存水平和最优通用件比例分别为19件和0.60时,制造商成本最小值为155.857元.

In order to bring the overall efficiency of supply chain into full play and provide the best production strategy for manufacturers, the cost relationships in general stage and customized stage are analyzed, and a supply chain postponement strategy model aimed at the minimum total cost of manufacturer is established by using queuing theory according to the characteristics of supply chain delay manufacturing activities for mass customization, and customers＇ personalized requirements and waiting time. The proposed strategy model mainly studies the relationships between production costs and parameters of component commonality differentiation point and inventory level for the manufacturers in mass customization production. It obtains the minimum total cost of manufacturers by using the heuristic algorithm to determine the optimal ratio of differentiation and the best inventory level of component commonality, and provides an effective decision-making tool for manufacturers. The results of a case study show that the ratio of differentiation differs with the inventory level of component commonality, and the optimal ratio of differentiation is in between 0.45 -0.65; when the inventory level and differentiation point of component commonality are 19 and 0.60, respectively, the minimum total cost （ 155. 857 yuan） of manufacturer is achieved.