燃气爆炸事故对住宅建筑的破坏

Failure Analysis of Residential Buildings under the Gas Explosion Accident

目前燃气爆炸事故灾后调查中,尚缺乏有关其破坏机理及特点方面的研究。介绍了发生于上海的2起燃气爆炸事故的概况及处理方案。运用理论计算、数值模拟等方法得出了2起事故中破坏较为严重的预制板和现浇板的抗爆能力,估算出2起事故的爆炸超压。分析了2起事故爆炸超压相差不大,但破坏后果却相差较大的原因。进而对燃气爆炸对房屋造成损坏的特点进行了分析,认为:1)双向现浇板的抗爆能力要远优于单向预制板;2)点火源所在房间直接受到超压波的冲击作用而破坏最为严重,周围房间的破坏则是由震动引起的,距离爆炸点越远影响越小。

At present,there is a lack of study on the destruction mechanism and characteristic in the investigation after gas explosion accident.The destruction and treatment scheme of two accidents happened in Shanghai were introduced.According to the precast slab and poured slab that badly damaged in the two accidents,the anti-explosion ability of the slab was obtained through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation,and then explosion overpressure was estimated.The reason why the overpressure differs little but the destruction differs much in the two accidents and the destruction characteristic of the gas explosion to the building were all analyzed.It is considered that： 1） the anti-explosion ability of the poured slab is far superior to the one-way precast slab;2） Room with the ignition source is impacted by the overpressure directly and the damage is most serious,while the destruction of the other rooms is caused by the vibration,and its influence is smaller as the house is far from the explosion.