大鼠眼内异物伤诱发交感性眼炎的实验研究

The experimental study of sympathetic ophthalmia in rat induced by intraocular foreign body injury model.

目的观察大鼠单侧眼外伤能否诱发交感性眼炎，为交感性眼炎的发病机制提供理论依据。方法将36只Wistar健康成年大鼠随机分为Ⅰ组眼内异物（砂粒）伤组、Ⅱ组异物（刀片）伤组、Ⅲ组正常对照组。正常对照组大鼠4只，不做任何处理。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组中各16只大鼠右眼为异物植入眼，将不同异物经睫状体部位置入玻璃体腔，获得大鼠单眼异物伤型，通过额带放大镜观察双眼前段变化，并于2、4、6、8周摘除眼球，应用HE染色观察双眼球的组织病理学变化。结果Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组大鼠右眼眼前段主要表现为球结膜充血、水肿，创口处有异常分泌物，眼球萎缩随时间延长例数增加。组织病理学可见中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞浸润。左眼无眼前段变化及组织病理学变化。Ⅲ组未见病理性改变。所有外伤眼均未能诱发交感性眼炎。结论交感性眼炎的发病机制复杂，通过单纯模拟交感性眼炎的易发条件未能诱发出交感性眼炎。

Objective To investigate whether sympathetic ophthalmia could be induced by setting up the rat model of unilateral mechanical ocular trauma. And to discuss the mechanism of sympathetic ophthalmia. Methods 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. In group Ⅰ , one piece of stone embeded in one eye （n = 16） ; group Ⅱ , with a piece of blade embeded in one eye （n = 16） ; group Ⅲ, normal eye as control group （n = 4 ）. In group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ , intraocular foreign bodies were embeded from pars plana into the vitreous of the right eyes. All the eyes were observed with the loupe. The histopathological changes were observed under HE stain and microscopy 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after the establishment of injury model. Results In group I and group Ⅱ , abnormal secretions, the conjunctiva congest and oedema were main manifest in the right eyes. The number of atrophy of eyeballs increased with the time past. Histopathology showed lymphocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes infiltration in the eyeball. And abnormal changes were not found in group m. it was failed to evocate the sympathetic ophthalmia in the injury models. Conclusion The pathogenesis of sympathetic ophthalmia is complex. Sympathetic ophthalmia were not evocated by setting up rat models of mechanical eye injury.