民族地区环境保护绩效评价与思考

Performance Evaluation on Environmental Protection in Minority Regions

民族地区是我国重要的生态屏障,科学评价和分析民族地区环保绩效,是衡量和促进民族地区生态环保建设的关键手段和有效途径。运用层次分析法,从环境综合发展、三废减量排放、自然灾害防治、农村建设投入4个方面构建我国民族地区环保绩效改善的评价指标体系,并对内蒙古、广西、海南等9个民族地区环境保护绩效进行实证分析。结果显示,与2006年相比,2009年我国民族地区的生态环境状况有较大改善,综合水平显著提高;新疆、青海、甘肃3个地区环保绩效主要受制于三废减量排放指数;评价地区的自然灾害防治指数均低于全国水平;贵州的环保绩效改善的最主要制约因素来自农村建设投入指数。据此提出相应的政策建议:大力推广资源节约型和环境友好型的工业生产模式,科学用能;认真落实民族地区相关政策,促进民族地区和谐发展;继续推进民族地区社会主义新农村建设,加快农村全面建设小康的进程;发展壮大环境非政府组织,提高全社会的环境保护意识。

Minority regions are the important ecological barriers in China. Evaluating and analyzing performance of environmental protection in a scientifical way is the important and effective way to calculate and promote the environmental construction in minority regions. This paper, from four aspects, environmental comprehensive development, reduction discharge of three wastes, natural calamities control and rural construction inputs, first uses AHP to construct evaluation indicator system of performance improvement in environmental protection in China＇s 9 minority regions and then makes an empirical study in Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang. The result shows that compared with 2006, the ecological and environmental condition was greatly improved in 2009, and its comprehensive level also showed significant increase; environmental protection performance of Xinjiang,Qinghai,Gansu are restricted by reduction discharge of three wastes indicator; natural calamities control index of these regions are lower than national level and rural construction inputs indicator is the main limited factor in the improvement of environmental protection performance in Guizhou. Consequently, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions, which include popularizing resource-- saving and environmentally-friendly industrial model so as to scientifically use energy, implementing the relevant policies in minority regions to promote the harmonious development in minority regions, pushing forward the construction of new socialist countryside in minority regions to quicken the process of building well-off society and developing environmental non-governmental organizations so as to improve all people＇s awareness in protecting environment.