高分子单链的研究进展

Research Advances of Single Polymer Chain

随着纳米科技在高分子领域的不断升温,高分子单链凝聚态的研究引起了人们的广泛重视。高分子单链以纳米尺度的微粒孤立存在,不存在分子链之间的几何缠结。本文综述了近年来国内外高分子单链的研究进展。首先介绍了高分子单链的主要制备方法如喷雾法、冷冻干燥法、微乳液聚合法、反向沉淀法以及表面扩展膜法,接着详细介绍了高分子单链的表征技术及高分子链构象的计算机模拟技术,最后介绍了高分子单链及单分子胶束在制备金属纳米粒子领域的应用,并展望了高分子单链的研究领域和方向。

With the development of nano-technology in the field of polymer, researchers pay attention to the condensed state of single polymer chain. Single polymer chains were existed in micro- particles with nanometer scale, and geometric entanglements were not founded between polymer chains. This article reviews the progress of single polymer chain in recent years. The preparation methods of single polymer chain are introduced, such as atomizer spraying, freeze-drying, microemulsion polymerization, reverse precipitation and surface film spreading, meanwhile the characterization methods of single polymer chain and computer simulation technique for the conformation of polymer chains are reviewed; in the last section, the application of single polymer chain and unimolecular micelles in preparation of metal nano-particles are represented and the coming research fields of single polymer chain are prospected.