城市饮用水水源地生态补偿标准测算与资金分配研究——以广东省东江流域为例

Calculation of Ecological Compensation Standard and Allocation of Fund:A Case of Dongjiang River Basin in Guangdong Province

生态补偿作为解决城市饮用水源地生态环境保护问题,协调保护方和受益方利益冲突的重要手段,已成为国内外学者研究的热点,其中补偿标准是决定生态补偿能否顺利实施的关键环节。选取珠江三角洲城市群重要饮用水水源地——广东省东江流域作为研究对象,在总结分析现有补偿标准的基础上,运用生态保护成本法和条件价值评估法,分别从流域水源地保护方和下游受益方的角度对东江流域生态补偿标准进行测算,并依据下游用水量对补偿金进行分摊。通过测算,广东省东江流域上游六县生态保护总成本为105.38亿元,其中直接成本5.40亿元,间接成本99.98亿元,引入水质修正系数和水量分摊系数后,下游四市应补偿上游六县的生态补偿额度为24.69亿元。下游四市生态补偿支付意愿总额为5.91亿元,应支付总补偿额度超出支付意愿总额18.79亿元。因此,在充分考虑流域上游生态保护成本和下游支付意愿、支付能力的前提下,利益相关双方通过谈判、协商在生态补偿标准问题上达成一致,对东江流域生态环境保护和生态补偿机制的建立有着重要的现实意义。

Ecological compensation has become one of the most important methods of solving the problem of protecting the urban drinking water source, and mediating the contradiction between the environmental conservators and beneficiaries. The ecological compensation standard is the key link of making the ecological compensation going well. The paper chooses Dongjiang Watershed which is one of the important urban drinking water sources of the Pearl River Delta as an object of the study. On the basis of analyzing the existing ecological compensation standards and by using the contingent valuation method （CVM） and the cost of ecological protection, the paper takes some measure and calculation that relative to the ecological compensation standard from each position of the environmental conservators and beneficiaries in Dongjiang Watershed. What＇s more, it shares the compensation cost based on the downstream water consumption. By calculating, the total cost of ecological protection of the six counties of Dongjiang upstream is 10.538,16 billion Yuan, with 540.31 million Yuan direct cost and 9.99785 billion Yuan development cost. After adjusting by the water coefficient for water quantity proportion and water quality coefficient, the four downstream cities should pay 18.787,7 billion Yuan for ecological compensation to the six upstream counties. After considering the cost of the ecological protection of the upstream counties and willingness and capacity of downstream cities, the two related parties reached an agreement on the ecological compensation standard by negotiating. It is significant to the protection of ecological environment and the establishment of eco-compensation mechanism in Dongjiang Watershed.