濒危物种金花猕猴桃生存群落特征及濒危原因分析

An Analysis on the Characteristics of Community and Endangered Cause of Endangered Species Actinidia chrysantha

为了了解金花猕猴桃(Actinidia chrysantha)的生境特点及其种群存活现状,在广西、广东、湖南等地的13个不同地点对金花猕猴桃生存群落展开了群落学调查,共调查样方19个。在此基础上,本文对金花猕猴桃生存群落的物种组成、结构特征、群落类型、生活型、年龄结构等进行了分析。结果表明:金花猕猴桃生存群落物种组成非常丰富,在4 800m2的样地中共有维管束植物351种,隶属于92科,211属;金花猕猴桃生存群落类型多样,层次结构复杂,通过聚类分析可划分为8种类型;其生活型组成以高位芽植物为主,占总数的82.14%,但是大高位芽植物缺乏;年龄结构分析表明金花猕猴桃种群将趋于衰退。金花猕猴桃适生生境极为狭窄,最适宜其分布的海拔范围为900～1 334m。对生境要求的苛刻和由于种群小且地理隔离严重而导致的生殖力低是金花猕猴桃濒危的重要原因。

In order to understand the habitat characteristics and the present survival situations of Actinidia chrysantha population, eoenological investigation was carried out in 19 plots with various areas（10 m× 10 m, 10 m× 20 m, 10 m× 30 m, 20 m×20 m） in 13 different locations within Guangdong, Hunan provinces and Guargxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region of China. Based on the community investigation,the species component, structure, community type, life-form and age structure of A. chrysantha community were analyzed A. chrysantha community is very rich in species, communits, there are 351 vascular plant species, belonging to 211 genera and 92 families in 4 800 m2 plots. There are varied types of community with complex structure, which can be divided into 8 types by cluster analysis. The life-form is consisting mainly of phanerophytes, which account for 82.14% of the total species, but lack of megaphanerophytes. Analysis on age structure of A. chrysantha population showed that the population tend to decline. Altitude distributions of the most appropriate ranges for the growth of A. chrysantha are beteveen 900 m to 1 334 m, habitat for the its survival is very limited. The important causes of A. chrysantha being endangered are habitat demanding and the low fertility which caused by serious geographical isolation and small population size.