中国增长奇迹中的制度与政策作用分析

An Analysis of the Role Performed by Institutions and Policies in China's Growth Miracle

世界各国贫富差距显著,对于造成国富国穷的原因增长经济研究提出了"政策说"和"制度说"两种假说。前者认为制度调整并非经济增长的前提,穷国可以通过政策改革刺激资本投资和技术进步实现增长,而后者认为二战后发展实践表明只有进行制度变革才能获得持续和高质量的经济增长,一国的制度质量高低对长期增长绩效有决定性影响。文章分析了中国增长奇迹中的制度和政策作用,认为中国宏观政策至关重要,而在产权保护、市场制度等方面的改进也是长期保持高增长必不可少的,中国案例对两种假说都不构成反例。

There are significant differences in economic performance across nations.Researchers of economic growth propose two hypotheses.The policy view states that institutional adjustment is not the prerequisite of economic growth,while poor countries could stimulate capital formation and technological progress and start the process of economic growth with macro-policy reform.However,the institutions view stresses that the PostWorld War Ⅱ development practice demonstrates the importance of institutional reform in gaining persistent and high quality economic growth,and the quality level of institutions determines the long-term performance of a country.This paper analyzes the role of institutions and policies performed in China＇s growth miracle.It believes that China＇s macro-policies are of the essence and improvement of property rights protection and market institutions are also indispensible to China＇s unprecedented growth record.The case of China does not produce a counter-example of any view.