自制高吸水性树脂对棘球蚴囊液吸水性能的测试

Preparation and water absorptive properties of starch based super absorbent resin for hydatid fluid

目的制备淀粉类高吸水性树脂,测试其对棘球蚴囊液吸水性能及影响因素。方法以玉米淀粉和丙烯酸为原料,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂。分别测定高吸水性树脂在不同环境温度(37℃、25℃、20℃)、不同粒径对去离子水、0.9%生理盐水、无水酒精和棘球蚴囊液吸水倍率,并测定了不同粒径高吸水性树脂吸水后凝胶的保水性能。并通过光镜观察吸水前后的凝胶结构。结果自制的淀粉类高吸水性树脂在去离子水中瞬时吸水倍率在700倍以上,在棘球蚴囊液中为200～300倍,生理盐水中为25倍左右,在无水乙醇中树脂颗粒几无吸水能力。160～180目大小的颗粒其对去离子水的最大吸水倍率可达到700倍,在4～8min内即可达到吸水高峰;80～120目大小的颗粒吸水倍率亦可达700倍,但在吸水后16min时才达到吸水高峰。160～180目大小的颗粒常压室温(25℃)放置2d保水率为55%,0.5mm×0.5mm×0.5mm颗粒常压室温(25℃)放置5d保水率为58%。20℃、25℃和37℃时同样大小的树脂颗粒其吸水倍率接近。10倍光镜即可观察到树脂颗粒吸液后形成的网格状结构。结论成功制备各种粒径的高吸水性树脂颗粒,其吸水倍率可达700倍;树脂颗粒越小,其吸水速度越快,但保水效果较差;颗粒越大,吸水速度越慢,但保水效果好。温度变化对吸水速率影响不大。溶液性质,尤其是溶液含水量对树脂颗粒吸水率影响较大,因此树脂颗粒在去离子水中吸水倍率最高,其次棘球蚴囊液,生理盐水和对无水酒精几乎无吸水能力。

To explore the influential factors on water absorptive abilities of starch based super absorbent polymer prepared by our lab,a super absorbent resin was synthesized with grafting acrylic acid and corn starch as elementary materials by solution polymerization in the presence of N,N-Methylene bisacrylamide as cross-linker and potassium per-sulfate as initiator.The instantaneous water absorption ratios of this resin were measured when it,of which were different particle sizes,mixed with the different liquids such as demineralized water,physiological saline,anhydrous alcohol and hydatid cyst fluid at different temperatures of 20 ℃,25 ℃,and 37 ℃ respectively.The water preserving capabilities of the resin of several different particle sizes were measured.The product was characterized by light microscope.The absorption ratio of the resin to deionized water,and hydatid cyst fluid,physiological saline were the maximum,being of 700 g/g and 200-300 g/g respectively.It＇s ratio to physiological saline,however,was only 25 times of its mass,and less absorptive to anhydrous alcohol.Of which 160-180 mesh size particles,to deionized water could reach to 700 times,and a peak of water absorption was observed within 4 to 8 minutes.Although a same maximum absorption ratio was observed in the resin with a particle size of 80-120 mesh,it took 16 minutes to the water absorption peak.At room temperature of 25 ℃,the water-preserving rate of the resin with a particle size of 160-180 mesh was 55% in 2 days,but it was 58% in 5 days for the resin of which size was 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm.The water-absorbing rate was almost same for a resin with a particular size mixed the above mentioned liquids at different temperature of 20 ℃,25 ℃ and 37℃ respectively.A transparent graticule ultrastructures was observed in the water-absorbing resin under light microscope.Results indicated that Super Absorbent Polymers（SAP） is a very unique water-absorbing and water-holding material.They could absorb up to 700 times of their own weight of pure water and even under the pressure they coule be resist to release the absorbed water.The temperature change has little effect on the rate of water-absorbing.Solution properties,especially the water content of solution greatly impact the water-absorbing ability.Therefore,the water absorbency of the particles is the highest in the deionized water,following by hydatid cyst fluid,and normal saline,while the anhydrous alcohol almost not has the ability for waterr-absorbing.