从政企合作看中国企业环境监督员制度的完善

Improvement of China's Enterprise Environmental Control System:Based on the Cooperation Between Government and Enterprise

日益严峻的环境问题要求我国政府继续保持强大的环境管制压力。同时,充分调动企业自主环境管理的积极性也成为"十二五"期间管理性减排的核心任务之一。认真研究企业环境管理制度设计的方向和目标,实现政企环境合作已经成为当前环境管理制度创新的基本要求。现行企业环境监督员制度是我国借鉴日本经验试行的一项旨在提倡政企合作的环境政策工具。我国目前企业环境管理总体趋势是背向自组织环境管理的,强化面向企业内部环境管理的直接管制应当是当前和今后一段时间的总体趋势。由于我国企业自主环境管理面临着外部约束力不够、内部动力不足的困境,现行政企合作的制度目标应当直接定位为政府环境管制工具。基于这一定位,环境监督的对象企业应当由污染物总量和种类标准转为达标排放标准;职责范围应当根据企业规模进行差别设计,规模以上企业以推进政企环境信息沟通为主,中小企业应强化其监督功能,另设企业环境管理人员履行执行功能。

In order to solve increasingly serious environmental problems,Chinese government has to continue to keep strong environmental control pressure.At the same time,stimulating the enthusiasm of the firms in independent environmental management is one of the administrative pollutants reduction missions during the Twelfth Five Year Plan Period.Therefore,taking the design direction and goal of the firm＇s environmental management system seriously,and realizing cooperation between government and firms,become basic requirements concerning the environmental management system innovation.Present firms＇ environmental supervisor system,which aims to advocate cooperation between government and firms,is a kind of trial environmental policy instrument that learns from Japan.Because the general trend of our current firms＇ environmental management departs from autonomous organization environmental management,strengthening direct control of focusing on inner environmental management is the trend of the current and in a period time in the future.Chinese firms＇ environmental management is confronted with difficulties that external binding is not enough and internal power is insufficient,so the goal of system cooperation between government and should be defined as the tool of environmental control.The firm which is supervised should transform pollutant gross standard into effluent standard.What＇s more,scope of official duty should be distinctly designed according to the firm＇s size.For the large firms,the stress should be put on promoting firms＇ environmental information exchange.As to medium-sized and small-sized firms,they should strengthen their supervisory mechanism,which is carried out by firms＇ environmental managerial personnel.