中国污染场地分类管理程序与方法研究

Classification Management of Contaminated Sites

借鉴发达国家对污染物场地的管理方法,探索了我国污染场地分类管理的程序:从疑似污染场地的申报建档、疑似污染场地的初步调查、场地的危害分级、污染场地的详细调查、污染场地风险评估,到污染场地的治理修复,以及贯穿场地管理始终的环境监测。在上述管理程序中还缺失危害分级的方法,其他步骤已有相关技术文件支持。本文进一步构建了其中场地危害分级的方法:即根据污染源是否存在,污染物的性质、赋存状态、迁移性、含量水平,周围是否有敏感目标及其类型,分成不同的危害级别和管理级别,并实施不同的管理措施。以江苏省八家氯丹、灭蚁灵生产企业场地为例,经初步调查和危害分级,将8个场地分为3类:B类场地(有1个场地)环境介质中无超标污染物检出,但场地上的有害废弃物需要处置;C类场地(包括3个场地)局部有超标污染物检出,但场地不具备详细调查采样和修复的条件,需要对污染区进行隔离处置,以降低人体健康风险;还有D类场地(包括4个场地)需要详细采样以确定污染范围并进行风险评估。根据最后一类4个场地进一步调查评估的结果,并考虑到场地实施修复的经费、技术可行性及场地相关利益方的意见,决定优先对其中1个场地实施修复治理。

In order to launching items of contaminated sites management,this paper draws lessons from the United States and Canada about the management of contaminated sites in order to develop a classification management procedure of contaminated sites in China.The preocedure involves registration,initial investigation,hazard ranking,detailed investigation,risk assessment,remediation of contaminated site,and the environmental monitoring.There is no method of site hazard ranking in the steps of management files.This paper sets up the method of hazard ranking： based on presence of contaminants source,the property,status and concentrations of contaminants,release potential of contaminants,and presence of any major targets,contaminants are divided into different hazard,ranking levels and management levels and different management practices are taken to deal with the hazards.Taking eight sites which produce chlordance and mirex in Jiangsu Province as the samples,according to the initial survey and initial testing investigation,contaminated sites can be classified to three types： In the first type of sites（one site） sample was not found containing contamination that exceeds the standard level,but there is hazardous waste that needs to deal with in the site.In the second type of sites（three sites）,Contamination of some samples exceeds the standard,but site conditions limit detail testing program.The isolation of contamination area is required to reduce health risk.Four sites need detailed testing program to confirm the boundaries of contaminant range and necessary information should be provided in order to make risk assessment.Considering the results of investigation and risk assessment in four sites,feasibility of technical solutions,financial budget and the advices of stakeholders,one site must take precedence remediation.