退耕还林工程对农户生产生活影响研究

Research on the Impact of "Grain for Green Project"on Households' Production and Living Conditions

研究退耕还林工程与农户的关系对于退耕还林后续问题解决,完善工程具有重要意义。该研究在准格尔旗多年农户调查的基础上,对该旗退耕还林工程初期(2002年)和后期(2010年)农户生产生活情况进行了对比研究,主要探讨了退耕还林工程对农户家庭结构、收入水平和结构的影响,以及农户对退耕还林态度、禁牧圈养态度变化和对退耕还林工程评价,最后分析了农户返耕决策。研究结果表明:受访农户平均年龄由2002年的35.02岁上升为2010年的45.32岁,年轻农户比重明显下降;户均人口从2002年的3.75人下降到2010年的2.8人。农户人均毛收入由2002年的1 332.03元增长为2010年的5 447.77元;收入结构也由牧业为主转为外出务工为主;养羊农户比重明显减小,但户均规模有增大的趋势。农户依然高度支持退耕还林,但对退耕补贴的满意度下降,大部分依然赞成禁牧和圈养,但支持力度有不同程度的下降。农户将退耕地返耕可能性较小,且大部分受访农户还支持进一步退耕。

Research on the the relationship between the Grain for Green Project（GGP） and households is significant for solving the follow-up problems and perfecting GGP.Based on the household survey of Zhun Ge Er County,this paper discusses the impact of GGP on households＇ production and living conditions in the initial stage of GGP（2002） and the final stage（2010）.It includes the family structure and income resources,the attitude of households to GGP,pasturing prohibition and livestock confinement and the evaluation of households on GGP.Finally,it analyzes the decision-making of households replanting.Results show： ① The average age of members of households surveyed increased from 35.02 in 2002 to 45.32 in 2010;the proportion of young households decreased obviously;the population of per households decreased from 3.75 in 2002 to 2.8 in 2010.② The gross income of per capita in 2002 was 1 332.03 Yuan（RMB）,while it increases to 5 447.77 Yuan（RMB） in 2010;the off-farm income is the main income resource in 2010 instead of pasturage;the proportion of flockmaster reduced,but the number of sheep of per flockmaster increased.③The households still support GGP,but the satisfaction to the farmland retired allowance,pasturing prohibition and livestock confinement decreased.④ The probability of households replanting is small,further more,most of households surveyed support to retired farmland once more.