贵州喀斯特地貌区聚落的垂直分异探讨

Vertical Distribution of Settlements in the Typical Karst Landform Areas in Guizhou Province

喀斯特自然环境的垂直性导致了喀斯特地区的聚落存在垂直空间分布的现象。掌握喀斯特地貌区聚落的垂直分异规律对区域城镇规划和社会主义新农村建设有重要意义。本研究以喀斯特面积分布最广的贵州省为研究区域,选取三个具代表性的典型地貌类型区,运用GIS相关软件和分析方法,通过对等高线数据的空间转换和与居民点数据的叠置等技术得到各个研究区的居民点在不同高程、坡度和坡向上的分布情况,依此分析喀斯特高原盆地区、高原山地区、高原峡谷区聚落的垂直分布特点。研究结果表明,三种地貌类型区的聚落垂直分布有一定的特点和规律可循,且不同喀斯特地貌类型下的聚落有不同的垂直空间分布特点;喀斯特地区聚落垂直分异与区域喀斯特地貌密切相关,表现在地貌垂直空间差异越大,聚落垂直空间差异越大;并且,垂直性加剧了喀斯特聚落空间差异的复杂性。最后得出结论,垂直分异是喀斯特聚落空间分布的主要特点,喀斯特地貌是形成喀斯特地区聚落垂直分异规律的前提条件。

Variation in vertical dimension of Karst physical geographic environment causes the spatial distribution of settlements vertically.Knowledge of the rules of vertical variation of settlements at Karst regions is significant for regional town planning and new village construction.The authors choose Guizhou Province,the vastest karst area in China and the world,as the study area,in which three typical landform regions—plateau basin region,plateau mountain region and plateau valley region were selected as examples.GIS-related software was utilized that spatial converted contour data were then overlay-analyzed with settlement distribution data,which illustrates the vertical distribution of settlements at different elevations,slope degrees and slope directions.Consequently the rule of vertical distribution of settlements in these three types of landform regions can be detected.This study reveals that there are certain features and rules for residential settlements distribution in vertical dimension at Karst region ①vertical distribution of settlements in each landform region have their own characteristics and rules;②the vertical variation of settlement distribution in karst region is closely related to regional karst morphology,generally,the greater the difference in vertical topography,the greater vertical variation in settlement distribution;and ③the vertical dimension of karst topography reinforced the complexity of settlement spatial variation.It is concluded that vertical variation in settlement distribution is the major feature in karst regions.The fundamental force that shapes the rule of vertical variation of residential settlements is the Karst landform.