径流小区产流过程量水堰自动测量系统

V-notch weir system for automatic gauging of flow rate from runoff plots

坡面径流小区是水土保持和相关领域研究的重要手段,流量观测是径流小区观测的主要内容。该研究设计开发了一种适用于径流小区流量过程的自动观测系统,该系统集成了量水堰、水位计和泥沙传感器,并配套了数据自动采集、存储和传输设备。通过水槽试验,标定了量水堰流量系数,建立了针对量水堰结构设计的近似流量模型并获取了模型参数;模型验证和参数标定试验的结果表明:三角堰的水位与流量之间有着非常好的相关性,简化流量模型可以用于计算流量,简化模型回归分析的决定系数为0.98。此外,该文分析讨论了泥沙含量对流量观测的影响,提出了净产水(扣除泥沙体积的产水量)的概念和估计方法。该含沙水流自动测量系统具有很好的可靠性和观测精度,在水土保持监测方面具有广阔的应用前景。

The runoff plot is a useful means for erosion and hydrologic studies, the measurement of flow rate is the main task of observation from runoff plots. A new system capable of automatic measuring of runoff was developed. The system integrated the components of V-notch weir, data logger, device for data storage and transmission. A laboratory flume experiment was conducted to calibration the discharge coefficient of the integrated weir, and to establish the simplified discharge function. The calibration experiment indicated that the simplified discharge function was correlated with data sets, with the determination coefficient 0.98. Moreover, the impact of exist of sediment in the sediment laden water on the estimation of runoff had been discussed. A calibration model to transform the flow rate of sediment-water mixture to flow rate of water was provided. With capability and reliability of high accurate measurements, this system could be used widely on runoff plots for erosion study.