土地整理项目影响的评价方法及应用

Method and application of impact assessment of land consolidation project

土地整理项目中各类工程措施的实施,会对土地整理区域中的生态系统以及社会经济系统产生广泛而深刻的影响。分析由于土地整理项目实施所引起的变化,并量化这些变化所带来的影响,不仅可以提高土地整理的理论水平,而且可以对土地管理部门的决策提供帮助。该文选择湖北省天门市土地整理项目作为实例研究,采用GIS分析方法、综合指数模型、生态系统服务价值的评估方法分析了土地整理前后项目区土地利用类型、田块、田间道路以及灌排沟渠的变化,量化了变化所引起的影响。研究结果表明土地整理项目的实施既带来了正面的影响,也产生了负面的影响。农业生产能力指数由整理前的41.06提高到整理后的76.86,平均耕作时间由整理前的65min/hm2减少到整理后的50min/hm2,农户平均的田块数目由整理前的2.69块减少到整理后的1.25块,而生态系统服务价值由整理前的12.26×106元·年-1减少到整理后的11.62×106元·年-1。

In China, land consolidation projects are often associated with government-funded engineering works which have wide and profound impacts on the region ecosystem and socioeconomic system. Analysis of the changes caused by land consolidation projects and theirs impacts could improve the methodological principles underlying land consolidation, and also support the decision-making processes of the land consolidation authorities. In this paper, a land consolidation project （LCP） in Tianmen city of Hubei province in central China was evaluated by the GIS techniques, comprehensive index model and ecosystem service value evaluation methods, focusing on the changes of the plot size and shape, the density and connectivity of field-roads and irrigation systems, the area of cropland and the land use type before and after the application of LCP. The LCP showed both positive and negative effects on the region ecosystem and socioeconomic system in the study area. The value of agricultural productivity index was increased from 41.06 to 76.86. The tillage time was decreased from 65 min/hm2 to 50 min/hm2, with a decrease rate of 23.08%. The numbers of plots per household was decreased from 2.69 to 1.25, which reducing the moving time of farmers between plots. Moreover, the total value of ecosystem services in the study area was decreased from 12.26×106 Yuan to 11.62×106 Yuan annually with a decrease of 0.64 million Yuan, due to the decreased area of ponds and unused lands.