秋水仙素诱导大葱多倍体的研究

Colchicines Induced Polyploid Plants and Identification in Welsh Onion

以章丘大葱种子为材料,研究了秋水仙素处理浓度和时间对大葱体细胞染色体加倍的效果,并利用形态观察,根尖细胞染色体计数及流式细胞仪等方法进行倍性鉴定。结果表明,0.8%秋水仙素处理48 h的诱变效果最佳。诱变植株存在明显"玻璃化"现象,生根困难,移栽后不能成活。通过组织培养去"玻璃化",获得正常生长的四倍体植株。四倍体植株的细胞染色体数2n=4x=32,植株多倍体形态特征明显,植株生长健壮,叶色浓绿,叶面气孔变大,气孔密度减少;株高、葱白长度等与二倍体植株相比极显著增加。

The welsh onion seeds were treated with colchicines at different concentration and treatment time duration,and the ploidy level was identified by morphological trait,chromosome number and flow cytometry techniques.The results showed that the best effect was obtained by the treatment of 0.8% colchicines with 48 hours.The mutated plants we got were vitreous seedlings,they could not survive after transplanting.By tissue culture we obtained tetraploids.The choromosome number of tetraploids was 2n = 4x = 32,the plants showed the general characteristics of tetraploids,such as darker leaf color,larger stomata,fewer stomata per unit area.Comparing the plant height and welsh onion stalk length,there were remarkable difference between tetraploids and the control.