回避性依恋和注意偏向:刺激普遍性与刺激特定性

Avoidant Attachment and Attention Bias:the Stimulus-General and Stimulus-Specific Phenomenon

采用工作记忆算式-词对广度任务,通过87名大学生探索回避性依恋与注意的关系。研究发现,依恋回避与三类词的工作记忆成绩呈负相关;工作记忆广度类型、词类型主效应显著;工作记忆广度类型与词类型交互作用显著。结果表明,回避性依恋者具有回避性注意偏向;回避性注意偏向既有刺激普遍性,又有刺激特定性,依恋性刺激比中性刺激更容易在信息加工早期被防御性地排除;回避性注意偏向具有调节情绪的功能性价值。为去激活策略情绪调节观提供了跨文化研究证据。

Attachment avoidance has been proposed to have important influences on attention.Avoidant individuals are theorized to limit the processing of emotional,attachment-related information,with the goal of preventing attachment-system activation.Consistent with this idea,there are some evidences that avoidant adults have attention bias for attachment-related information.However,to date,all researches in this field are made under west-culture circumstances.It is unclear whether such attention bias shows up among Chinese participants. And if it＇s true,whether it extends to nonattachment-related information also remains unclear.In order to find answers to these questions,the authors replicated and extended Edelstein＇s work among Chinese undergraduates in the present study. 87 undergraduates who learned school psychology guidance completed a kind of working memory equation-word span tasks,which consisted of simple math equations such as 12/3＋6=10 and words such as snow（hat were categorized as attachment-related,emotional and neutral category,with its span sizes ranging from 3 to 6.After finishing the equation-correction judgment task and the word-memory task presented in pairs from 3 to 6 times randomly,the participants recalled the words just seen and wrote them down on a sheet of ready paper.Working memory performance was the correction recall rate which was the dependent index.Then they had a 2-minute break, and filled in an electronic version Chinese ECR adapted by Li T.G.,et al. The main results could be summarized as follows：There were significant negative correlations between the mean scores of avoidant dimension and the working memory performance for attachment-related words,β=-.221,for emotional words,β=-.223,for neutral words,β=-.223,All ps.03.Both working memory span type（F（2,172）=14.07,p.001） and word category（F（3,258）= 263.36,p.001） had a significant main effect on corresponding working memory performance.The interaction effect between working memory span type and word category was also significant,F（6,516）=8.13,p.001.The multiple comparison results showed that the recall rate were significantly less low for attachment-related words（M=.77,SD=.01） than for emotional words（M=.81,SD =.01）and for neutral words（M=.82,SD=.01）,F（2,172）=13.87,p.001.There was no significant difference between emotional words and neutral words for recall rate. The above-mentioned results indicated that people who are characterized with the avoidant attachment style had avoidant attention bias,which had a stimulus-general nature in which attachment-related stimuli and nonattachment-related stimuli were all neglected and avoided to some extent and had stimulus-specific traits in the degree to which an avoidant attachment-related stimulus was more defensively excluded during the pre-attention stage than an emotional stimulus and a neutral stimulus.Avoidant attention bias and its stimulus -specific phenomenon had the value of emotion regulation.Our findings provided attachment theory cross-culture support in the existence of the deactivation strategy and its emotion regulation functioning.