情绪智力和父母社会支持对犯罪青少年社会适应的影响:直接效应还是缓冲效应?

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Parental Social Support on Social Adjustment of Juvenile Delinquents:The Direct Effect or the Stress-buffer Effect?

以上海和昆明的499名犯罪青少年和504名普通青少年为被试,采用问卷法对犯罪和普通青少年的情绪智力、父母社会支持和社会适应状况进行考察,发现(1)普通青少年的情绪智力、父母社会支持和社会适应状况显著好于犯罪青少年;(2)情绪智力显著预测犯罪和普通青少年的积极和消极社会适应状况;(3)父母社会支持能够直接预测犯罪青少年的社会适应状况,也能够调节情绪智力对犯罪青少年的社会适应状况的预测作用,父母社会支持对社会适应的直接效应和缓冲效应假说均得到了支持。

Previous research suggested that social adjustment had a close relationship with emotional intelligence and parental social support of adolescents;however,the situation of social adjustment,emotional intelligence and parental social support of delinquent juveniles and their relationships weren＇t clear.At the same time,previous research suggested there were the ＂direct effect＂ and the ＂stress-buffer＂ hypotheses of parental social support on social adjustment;nevertheless,the effect of social support on social adjustment of delinquent juveniles hasn＇t been well-confirmed.According to the above two points,we hypothesized that there were obvious differences of emotional intelligence,parental social support and social adjustment between juvenile delinquents and ordinary juveniles;we also hypothesized that there were both the direct effect and the stress-buffer effect of parental social support on social adjustment for delinquent juveniles. To test these hypotheses,questionnaires about the situation of social adjustment,emotional intelligence and parental social support were administered to 499 juvenile delinquents and 504 ordinary juveniles from Shanghai and Kunming.Firstly,we used analysis of variance to examine the differences of social adjustment,emotional intelligence and parental social support between juvenile delinquents and ordinary adolescents;Secondly,we used SEM to examine the effect of the prediction of emotional intelligence on social adjustment of juvenile delinquents to test the direct effect partially;Finally,SEM were used to examine the moderation of parental social support on the prediction of emotional intelligence on social adjustment of delinquent juveniles to test the stress-buffer effect and to test the direct effect partially. The findings suggested that（1） the scores of emotional intelligence,parental social support and social adjustment of ordinary adolescents were higher than those of juvenile delinquents;（2） In the dimensions of emotional intelligence of juvenile delinquents,assimilating emotion,understanding emotion and managing emotion can predict positively the situation of positive social adjustment,and they can also predict negatively the situation of negative social adjustment.Moreover,the effect of prediction of assimilating emotion on positive social adjustment was stronger than that on negative social adjustment and the effect of managing emotion on negative social adjustment was stronger than that on positive social adjustment;（3） parental social support of juvenile delinquents can predict directly social adjustment,and can also moderate the prediction of emotional intelligence on social adjustment.Both the ＂ direct effect＂ hypotheses and the ＂ stress-buffer＂ hypotheses of parental social support on social adjustment were examined by this research results. The present research discussed and clarified the situation and the characteristics of juvenile delinquents＇ emotional intelligence,parental social support and social adjustment and the prediction of emotional intelligence on their social adjustment.The applicability of the ＂direct effect＂ and the ＂stress-buffer＂ hypotheses on delinquent juveniles were also discussed.